Conditionals (podmínkové věty)

ZERO CONDITIONAL

• If you drop a glass, it breaks. – přít.čas
• If you touch a hot iron, you burn yourself.
• =this is what always happens -pravidlo, které se opakuje za každých okolností,„tak to prostě funguje“

FIRST CONDITIONAL = A REAL CONDITION

• If you drop the glass, it will break.
• = we are talking about a real situation, we are making prediction about the future, but the tense used after“if“ is present
• If you touch the hot iron, you will burn yourself. = this is likely to happen
• There are variatoins of this:
• If the weather is fine tomorrow, we can play tennis.
• If the fog got thicker, the plane may / might be diverted. (odloženo)
• If you want to lose weight, you must eat less/ you should eat less/ don´t eat so much.

IF + WILL

If you will come this way, I´ll take you to this office. = request – žádost

IF + SHOULD

If you should meet him, tell him to ring me up. = if you happen to meet him – náhodou, jestliže se stane.. – it seems less probable

Other conjunctions:

• I´ll lend you the money providing / provided ( za předpokladu) you pay it back next week.
• I´ll lend you the money, as long as/ on condition that( pokud) you pay it back next week.
• Supposing / Suppose ( předpokládejme, že…) your parents find out, what will you do?
• Take some spare parts in case ( pro případ) your car breaks down.
• I won´t lend you the money unless (pokud ne) you promise to pay it back next week.
• „If“ + jednoduchý přít.čas !!!- If it rains  × ne- If it is raining

Real condition:

• If I have a car, things will be fine.
  • =jestliže budu mít auto – mluvčí to vidí jako reálnou záležitost

Unreal condition

• If I had a car, things would be fine.
  • = kdybych měl auto – mluvčí to vidí nereálně

Real × Unreal

– the difference between „If I have a car“ and „If I had a car“ is not a difference of time. The past tense after „if“ means that the speaker sees the situation as less probable, impossible or imaginary

Compare: If I become president … řekne kandidát

If I became president… řekne kdokoliv

SECOND CONDITIONAL = UNREAL CONDITION

• If I were/ was you, I would take the job.
• If I were younger, I´d…
  • = If+past time   +   would+present infinitive

Variations:

if+past tense   +   might, could, should+present inf.

If they offered

×

If they were to offer me the job, I´d refuse it. – ještě méně pravděpodobné – this is even less likely to happen

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Situation:

• I missed the train this morning.
• If I hadn´t missed the train, I wouldn´t have been late for school.
• if+past perfect tense   +   would / should / might / could + prefect infinitive

MIXED CONDITIONALS:

• If we had been born in the USA, we would be American citizens now.
• If she hadn´t married him, she wouldn´t be unhappy now.

Inversion:

• 1^st  conditional: – should – náhoda
  • If you should meet him… = Should you meet him… – není to otázka !!!
• 2^nd conditional: – to be
  • If she were my daughter… = Were she my daughter, I would know what to do.
  • If they were to offer me the job …= Were they to offer me the job, I´d accept it.
• 3^rd conditional:
  • If I had known that you were coming, I´d have bought more food. = Had I known…